Bruno Pugh
A poor farm boy from Vermont became the founder of a movement that now counts millions of members worldwide. Joseph Smith Jr. lived a life that was anything but ordinary, shaped by visions, revelations, and relentless challenges. But who was the man behind the legacy? Here’s an in-depth look at the remarkable life of a controversial yet influential figure.
Humble Beginnings in Vermont
Joseph Smith Jr. was born in Vermont on December 23, 1805. The Smith family moved frequently due to financial difficulties, eventually settling in upstate New York. Despite these hardships, Joseph’s parents instilled a strong sense of spirituality in their children, often reading from the Bible and discussing religious matters at home.
The First Vision That Changed Everything
In 1820, Smith experienced a vision in a grove near his family’s farm. He stated that he saw two personages, identified as God the Father and Jesus Christ, who told him not to join any existing church as they were all corrupted. Known as the First Vision, it became the foundation of his prophetic calling.
An Angel’s Visit and the Golden Plates
Joseph reported that in 1823, an angel named Moroni appeared to him multiple times, revealing the location of golden plates buried in a hill near New York. Over the next four years, Joseph was instructed to spiritually prepare himself before retrieving the plates. This period was marked by deep reflection and personal growth.
The Book of Mormon is Born
In 1827, Joseph finally obtained the golden plates and began translating them with the help of scribes such as Martin Harris. The translation process, which Joseph said was guided by divine instruments, resulted in the Book of Mormon, published in 1830. For believers, it stands alongside the Bible as sacred scripture.
Founding the Church of Christ
With the publication of the Book of Mormon, he felt inspired to organize a formal religious community. On April 6, 1830, Joseph founded the Church of Christ in Fayette, New York. The early days of the church were challenging, with followers facing ridicule, persecution, and misunderstandings. However, Joseph’s compelling nature of his teachings attracted converts.
Building a Community in Kirtland, Ohio
In 1831, Joseph moved the church’s headquarters to Kirtland, Ohio, where he hoped to build a strong, united religious community. Kirtland became a center of spiritual and administrative activity, culminating in the construction of the Kirtland Temple, the church’s first temple. In 1836, attendees reported a series of spiritual manifestations.
Establishing Zion in Missouri
Joseph identified Independence, Missouri, as the location for Zion, a prophesied holy city where his followers could prepare for Christ’s second coming. However, tensions with local settlers, fueled by cultural and religious differences, erupted into violent conflicts. These clashes led to the Missouri Mormon War, during which church members faced harsh circumstances.
Financial Struggles with the Kirtland Bank
One of Joseph’s most ambitious projects in Kirtland was the establishment of the Kirtland Safety Society, a church-run bank intended to support the community. Unfortunately, the bank collapsed during a national financial panic and left many members in financial ruin. This led to widespread discontent as some members accused Joseph of mismanagement.
Turmoil in Far West, Missouri
After leaving Kirtland, Joseph and his followers established a new settlement in Far West, Missouri. This period was marked by both hope and hardship as the community grew rapidly but faced ongoing hostility from residents. The Missouri government issued an extermination order against Mormons, forcing Joseph and others to flee.
Writing Revelations in Liberty Jail
While imprisoned during the Missouri conflict, he wrote letters and revelations that have since become some of the most cherished texts in Latter-day Saint scripture. These writings offered hope, guidance, and reassurance to his followers during a time of great uncertainty. They demonstrated his ability to find spiritual meaning in suffering.
A Fresh Start in Nauvoo, Illinois
After his release from imprisonment, Joseph led his followers to Nauvoo, Illinois, where they built a thriving community. Nauvoo became a place of prosperity, with the construction of the Nauvoo Temple serving as a spiritual and physical centerpiece. The city also became a hub for missionary work, attracting converts from across the United States and Europe.
Controversial Teachings and Polygamy
In Nauvoo, the leader introduced new and controversial doctrines, including plural marriage (polygamy). While this practice was initially kept secret, it became a significant point of contention within and outside the church. Joseph taught that polygamy was a divine commandment meant to strengthen familial bonds and ensure the eternal progression of all individuals.
A Prophet’s Political Aspirations
Joseph decided to run for president of the United States in 1844, aiming to address the persecution his followers faced and promote policies that aligned with his vision of religious freedom and societal reform. His campaign focused on ending slavery through compensated emancipation, reorganizing the judicial system, and reducing corruption in government.
Conflict Over the Nauvoo Expositor
The Nauvoo Expositor, a newspaper founded by dissenting members of the church, published an inflammatory issue accusing Joseph of misconduct of power and immorality. As mayor of Nauvoo, Joseph and the council declared the newspaper disruptive and ordered its destruction. This decision outraged local and state officials, which led to Joseph’s arrest.
Tragedy at Carthage Jail
On June 27, 1844, while imprisoned here with his brother Hyrum, Joseph faced an armed mob intent on ending his life. Despite their attempts to defend themselves, both were executed. Joseph’s passing at the age of 38 marked the end of his mortal life but not the influence of his work.
Legacy of the Book of Mormon
The Book of Mormon, which Joseph referred to as a sacred record or declaration of Christ’s teachings, remains one of the most widely read religious texts in the world. With hundreds of millions of copies printed and translations in more than 100 languages, it has reached a global audience. For Latter-day Saints, it serves as a spiritual guide.
The Growth of the LDS Church
Joseph’s founded church has grown into a global religion with over 16 million members. Its influence extends far beyond religious teachings, impacting education, humanitarian efforts, and cultural understanding. From temples on nearly every continent to missionary efforts, the legacy of Joseph’s vision continues to shape the lives of millions.
Controversy and Criticism
His life and teachings remain a subject of debate among historians, theologians, and critics. Skeptics challenge the authenticity of his visions, the origins of the Book of Mormon, and the morality of his practices like polygamy. Despite this, Joseph’s story is recognized as a pivotal chapter in American religious history, highlighting the complexities of faith.
Joseph Smith’s Family Life
The relationship with his wife, Emma Hale Smith, and their children was both a source of joy and hardship. She supported him throughout his prophetic journey, often facing danger alongside him. Together, they had nine children, though only four survived to adulthood. Her later role in preserving Joseph’s teachings and guiding their children was notable.
A Prophet’s Enduring Influence
Joseph Smith Jr.’s influence extends beyond the religious movement he founded. His life continues to be studied as an example of the complexities of human faith, vision, and resilience. Whether viewed as a prophet, leader, or controversial figure, Joseph’s legacy remains a significant part of American history and global religious thought.